Showing posts with label Swine Flu. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Swine Flu. Show all posts

Thursday, May 7, 2009

US Reports More Flu Cases - Mexico Reports More Deaths

WASHINGTON -- Federal health officials said Wednesday they remain concerned about the new H1N1 influenza strain despite lifting a recommendation that schools and daycares close if they have students or staff with H1N1 flu.

Richard Besser, acting director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the majority of H1N1 cases are in young people and that officials are starting to see some severe cases among the hundreds of mostly mild ones seen to date.

Flu: Complete Coverage

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Back to Business: Mexico City chefs and waiters listened to the manager as he went over measures to avoid contagion.

Timeline

"I want to say we remain concerned," Mr. Besser said during a daily influenza briefing. "Influenza can be a serious infection." The CDC reported continued increases in confirmed H1N1 influenza cases with 642 in 41 states. Two people have died in Texas, both with underlying health problems.

Other health officials, who testified before a House Foreign Affairs subcommittee Wednesday said, common-sense measures like hand-washing, staying home when sick and keeping children with flu-like illnesses -- a fever with a sore throat or cough -- home from school for seven days are effective at limiting the spread of a new virus that most people previously haven't been exposed to.

Anne Schuchat, interim deputy director for the science and public health program at CDC, told lawmakers that any vaccine for the H1N1 flu strain "is not likely to be widely available." The CDC is currently growing a seed strain that would be given to vaccine makers if global health authorities decide to move forward with a new vaccine. The earliest such a vaccine would be available is September.

Indeed, Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health said, "it is important to remember that we are only at the earliest stages of understanding how the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus emerged and what impact it might have."

Health officials said while H1N1 influenza illnesses have been similar to the seasonal flu -- which hits about 30 million Americans annually and contributes to about 36,000 deaths -- the virus has been seen at higher rates in young people, with 58% of cases being reported in people younger than 18.

Besser explained that it could simply be because students brought the virus back to the U.S. after spring-break trips to Mexico. But, he said, older Americans might have some immunity to the virus, possibly from being exposed to more influenza strains over the past several years.

Officials are concerned the H1N1 virus could mutate and come back stronger when regular influenza season hits later this year as was the case in the 1918-1919 flu pandemic, which killed more than 50 million people.

CDC has distributed H1N1 test kits to states, which should allow for faster confirmation of new H1N1 cases, and will likely contribute to daily jumps in the number of cases. Previously CDC and just a handful of states could confirm such cases.

Besser said while the numbers are partly reflecting catch-up test results, he stressed that the H1N1 virus is still causing new illnesses.

A woman living near the Mexican border in south Texas became the second person in the U.S. to die of the new strain of flu. Judy Trunnell, who was a U.S. citizen in her early 30s, had chronic health conditions, according to Texas authorities. She had been hospitalized for about three weeks, after falling ill around April 14. None of her immediate family is ill, they said. They declined to elaborate further.

In Mexico, dozens of nationals quarantined in China despite having no flu symptoms arrived home Wednesday on a government-chartered jet, some complaining of "humiliation and discrimination" by the Chinese. But as Mexicans emerged from their own five-day swine flu shutdown, the death toll rose and many remained fearful. While the rate of new cases and hospitalizations has declined, epidemiologists said the virus has spread throughout Mexico. "We have seen a tendency [of the outbreak] to diminish, but not disappear," Health Secretary Jose Angel Cordova said.

Haitian officials rejected a Mexican aid ship carrying 77 tons of much-needed food aid because of flu fears, Mexico's ambassador said Wednesday.

Wednesday, May 6, 2009

Swine Flu: A Survivor's Tale

When Moises Bonilla watched a fellow swine flu sufferer breathe her last in the isolated hospital ward, he prayed he would not follow her. The 39-year-old woman had been on the bed next to him for two days, tubes shoved into her throat, her eyes rarely flickering. Although she was unable to speak, Bonilla felt an affinity with her as he did with all his fellow patients, who egged each other on with calls to keep fighting. But she slipped away and became a reminder about how bad things could get. "It was the darkest moment I have ever had," says Bonilla, who would spend five days in the hospital. "I just tried to think about better times, about my wife and children, to give me the strength to go on."

Back in the cramped Mexico City apartment he shares with two daughters and two grandchildren, Bonilla, 46, a maintenance worker, recounts his ordeal to TIME. He has been out of hospital for two days but is still coughing and spluttering behind a blue facemask, his head aching slightly as he finishes his course of anti-viral drugs. The Mexican government has tried to protect the names of swine flu victims, fearing publicity could stigmatize them. But Bonilla is unafraid to tell his tale, hoping his words will give the world better insight into the H1N1 virus. He also wants to remind people that even if the numbers of hospitalized and dying is not as high as feared, the grief and pain for some can still be truly harrowing. "Some people think that this virus has just been made up by the government or the newspapers," he says. "But from what I have gone through I know it is a very real." (See pictures of thermal scanning used in the hunt for swine flu infection.)

A runner with a trim muscular upper body, Bonilla says he is normally in good health, and never used to be concerned about flu. "I used to think it was just something that you got in the night and that was gone the next day," he says. He hoped it would be the same when he felt a sore throat and headache develop on April 22. But the next day his temperature shot up to 102 degrees and his throat closed so tightly he could hardly breathe. "I didn't want to upset my wife and daughters, so I tried to pretend it wasn't so bad," he says. "But then the pain became so much I couldn't even stand up or sit on the sofa. I just lay on the floor and tried to breathe." (Check out a story on whether the alarm over swine flu was justified.)

Just as Bonilla was being struck down, news flashed up on the television about how the swine flu virus had been found in Mexico. His wife rushed him to a public hospital in his Iztapalapa district and he was rapidly put in isolation with five other patients. "We had no communication with the outside world - no newspapers or telephones - so we didn't know much about this swine flu or how bad it was," he recalls. "When the woman died we were scared that this could be the fate of us all." Their fears only increased when a doctor and nurse who had been attending to sufferers also developed symptoms, and themselves became patients in the ward. (See the top five swine flu don'ts)

His wife Blanca Arcos waited day and night in the hospital. Unlike her husband, she was exposed to the full media frenzy on the virus adding to her anxiety. "I couldn't get to see him at all, not even though glass. So I just had to imagine what he was going through," Arcos says, also wearing a facemask in their apartment. "I tried to tell myself he was strong. But then my other relatives would say how bad this swine flu is."

Doctors soon gave Bonilla an anti-viral drug that is known in Mexico as oseltamivir (and more popularly known as Tamiflu) making his condition rapidly improve. In some ways, the timing of sickness was lucky, he says. Once they had identified swine flu on April 23, Mexican health authorities rushed anti-virals to hospitals and found they were very effective. But many who had started suffering before had already developed severe pneumonia; and for some, it was too late to be saved. The errors in treatment in the first weeks of the outbreak do much to explain the higher death rate in Mexico than the United States. By Monday, the Mexican government had confirmed 26 deaths that were caused by the swine flu virus, compared to one north of the border.

Bonilla finally left hospital after five days - a period after which he was unlikely to be still contagious. However, he was told to remain in his apartment for another eight days, while his grandchildren stayed with relatives. No other family members have developed symptoms, reflecting a relatively low infection-rate of the virus. Bonilla is still visibly shaken by his brush with swine flu and concerned about the disease spreading around the planet. But he says that it has taught him one positive thing: to appreciate what he has. "I know that I am lucky to be here getting my health back with my wife and children around me," he says. "Now I have more incentive than ever to enjoy my life."

Dr. Henry L. Niman Explains The Scientific Reality Of The Swine Flu Outbreak. No BS... Essential Information

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New Jersey Township Stages Mock Mass Vaccination Drill

Hundreds sought for disaster drill in Hopewell

by The Times
Tuesday May 05, 2009, 8:44 PM

HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP -- Emergency management officials are looking for a few hundred area residents and their cars to participate in a training drill to combat a possible virus or other widespread illness.

On Thursday from noon to 2 p.m. volunteers will be asked to drive through a check-point at the township municipal complex at Scotch Road and Washington Crossing Pennington Titusville Road.

Motorists and their passengers who participate will be directed to a "safe" area where medical personal will ask them a few questions, provide mock vaccinations or medications, and wave them through upon completion.

In return for their cooperation, motorists will receive coupons and be entered into a drawing for prizes for gift cards and certificates from local businesses.

Mercer County officials say there is no connection between this drill and the spread of Influenza A H1N1, more commonly known as swine flu. They said that virus came along after they began planning for this practice event.

For more information, contact the Hopewell Township Health Department at (609) 737 01210, ext. 657.

New Jersey Township Stages Mock Mass Vaccination Drill

Hundreds sought for disaster drill in Hopewell

by The Times
Tuesday May 05, 2009, 8:44 PM

HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP -- Emergency management officials are looking for a few hundred area residents and their cars to participate in a training drill to combat a possible virus or other widespread illness.

On Thursday from noon to 2 p.m. volunteers will be asked to drive through a check-point at the township municipal complex at Scotch Road and Washington Crossing Pennington Titusville Road.

Motorists and their passengers who participate will be directed to a "safe" area where medical personal will ask them a few questions, provide mock vaccinations or medications, and wave them through upon completion.

In return for their cooperation, motorists will receive coupons and be entered into a drawing for prizes for gift cards and certificates from local businesses.

Mercer County officials say there is no connection between this drill and the spread of Influenza A H1N1, more commonly known as swine flu. They said that virus came along after they began planning for this practice event.

For more information, contact the Hopewell Township Health Department at (609) 737 01210, ext. 657.

Monday, May 4, 2009

Swine flu jitters spark sell-off in U.S. hogs

CHICAGO (Reuters) - U.S. hog futures fell to a two-month low on Friday in a late sell-off amid nervousness over a swine flu outbreak that has killed up to 61 people in Mexico, a top export market for American pork.

The virus, a strain of flu never seen before, has spread into the United States, where eight people in California and Texas have been infected but have recovered.

"If they (consumers) decide to look at it, it can only be negative. There's nothing positive about it because it's (flu) on our property and then we have to worry about exports," said Gilbert Goodman, a lean hog futures trader.

"It's not a factor right now, but if they start changing their minds, you know how these markets move."

In 2008, Mexico was the top export market for U.S. beef, with sales valued at nearly $1.4 billion. It was the No. 2 market for U.S. pork, valued at $691.28 million.

Chicago grain markets that trade in corn, soybean and wheat showed no reaction to the outbreak of swine flu.

The World Health Organization said tests showed the virus in 12 of the Mexican patients had the same genetic structure as a new strain of swine flu seen in the eight Americans.

Traders said the market became more nervous late in the trading session -- even though the disease is not transmitted through hogs -- as news of the deaths in Mexico and infections in the United States spread on Friday.

Traders pointed to the slump in beef exports when the first case of mad cow disease in the United State in 2003 became a market factor as a lesson for their caution on Friday.

"You do have people spooked because of the swine flu," said James Burns, a lean hog trader.

"If the public starts to get involved with the market, and if they get wind of something that may or may not be rational, pressure is going to get out. I think you saw that pressure late in the day in the June," Burns said.

But futures did trade higher much of the day as cash hog markets have been trending higher on seasonal factors. Hog supplies ease in the spring, following reduced farrowings in the fall and as farmers focus on spring planting.

Expectations were for strong cash hog markets next week, despite negative packer margins, and even firmer cash markets next month.

May lean hogs closed off 0.550 cent at 69.000 cents per lb, while actively traded June was off 0.225 at 71.650 cents. May posted a new two-month low.

How swine flu spreads in humans

A new strain of influenza is infecting people in Mexico and the United States and may have killed up to 60 people in Mexico, global health officials said today.

The CDC has analyzed samples of the H1N1 virus from some of the U.S. patients, all of whom have recovered, and said it is a never-before-seen mixture of viruses from swine, birds and humans.

Here are some facts from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about how swine flu spreads in humans:

• Swine flu viruses typically sicken pigs, not humans. Most cases occur when people come in contact with infected pigs or contaminated objects moving from people to pigs.

• Pigs can catch human and avian or bird flu. When flu viruses from different species infect pigs, they can mix inside the pig and new, mixed viruses can emerge.

• Pigs can pass mutated viruses back to humans and they can be passed from human to human. Transmission among humans is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu - by touching something with flu viruses and then touching their mouth or nose, and through coughing or sneezing.

• Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to those of seasonal influenza - sudden fever, coughing, muscle aches and extreme fatigue. This new strain also appears to cause more diarrhea and vomiting than normal flu.

• Vaccines are available to be given to pigs to prevent swine influenza. There is no vaccine to protect humans from swine flu although the CDC is formulating one. The seasonal influenza vaccine may help provide partial protection against swine H3N2, but not swine H1N1 viruses, like the one circulating now.

• People cannot catch swine flu from eating pork or pork products. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160 degrees Fahrenheit kills the swine flu virus as it does other bacteria and viruses.

Some facts about past flu pandemics

(Reuters) - Health officials around the globe are closely watching an outbreak of a new kind of flu that has killed at least 60 people in Mexico and infected seven in the United States.

Health officials have been warning that a new strain of influenza that can pass easily from person to person could spark a pandemic, a global epidemic that could kills tens of millions of people. Experts agree another flu pandemic is overdue.

Here are some facts about past flu pandemics and pandemic threats:

* The 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic is the benchmark by which all modern pandemics are measured. Some 20 to 40 percent of the worldwide population became ill and more than 50 million people died. Between September 1918 and April 1919, it killed more than 600,000 people in the United States alone. In a normal flu season, about 36,000 people die in the United States, and 250,000 to 500,000 globally.

* While the very young and the very old are most at risk with seasonal flu, the 1918 pandemic primarily struck young adults. It disrupted the global economy. Many small businesses, which were unable to unable to operate during the pandemic, went bankrupt.

* The virus that caused the 1957 Asian flu pandemic was quickly identified, and vaccines were available by August 1957. The elderly had the highest rates of death. The Asian flu killed 2 million people globally, according to the World Health Organisation.

* The 1968 influenza pandemic was first detected in Hong Kong. Those over the age of 65 were most likely to die. It killed an estimated 1 million people globally, according to WHO, making it making the mildest pandemic in the 20th century.

* In 1976, a strain of swine flu started infecting people in Fort Dix, New Jersey, and worried U.S. health officials because the virus was thought to be related to the 1918 Spanish flu virus. Forty million people were vaccinated but the program was halted after several cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome, a severe and sometimes fatal condition linked to some vaccines, were reported. The virus never moved outside the Fort Dix area.

* H5N1 avian flu is the most recent pandemic threat. It first surfaced in 1997 and continues to infect humans who have direct contact with chickens. The H5N1 or avian influenza virus does not spread easily from one person to another.

* Since 2003, H5N1 virus has infected 421 people in 15 countries and killed 257. It has killed or forced the culling of more than 300 million birds in 61 countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe.

* WHO has six pandemic stages. A full-blown pandemic requires sustained, human-to-human spread over many countries of a new and serious virus.

-- Sources: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organisation

(Editing by Maggie Fox and Eric Walsh)

Venture capital firm set to reap rewards on swine flu

LOS ANGELES, April 24 (Reuters) - The swine flu outbreak is likely to benefit one of the most prolific and successful venture capital firms in the United States: Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Thomson Reuters Private Equity Week reported on Friday.

Shares of the two public companies in the firm's portfolio of eight Pandemic and Bio Defense companies -- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals (BCRX.O) and Novavax (NVAX.O) -- jumped Friday on news that the swine flu killed a reported 60 people in Mexico and has infected people in the United States.

The World Health Organization said the virus appears to be susceptible to Roche's (ROG.VX) flu drug Tamiflu, also known as oseltamivir, but not to older flu drugs such as amantadine.

Shares of Swiss drugmaker Roche Holding AG closed up 3.48 percent after falling sharply earlier in the week on a cancer drug disappointment, while shares of U.S. biotechnology company Gilead Sciences Inc (GILD.O), which gets royalties from Roche on Tamiflu sales, slipped 10 cents to $45.80 on Friday.

But BioCryst, a maker of drugs that block key enzymes in viral diseases, jumped more than 26 percent on Friday to $2.21 per share. Viral vaccine maker Novavax rose more than 75 percent to $1.42 per share.

BioCryst CEO John Stonehouse said his company does not anticipate the use of its technology in treating this episode of swine flu.

"We're in clinical trials right now and not on the market," Stonehouse said.

Still, the companies will have to go even higher for Kleiner Perkins to make its investment back. Both BioCryst and Novavax experienced long drops from price peaks in 2006, when reports of avian flu dominated headlines. Continued...

Spanish Flu Survivors Remember

Hello Jeff - Most of those who survived the Spanish Flu have passed on. The only ones left now are those who were young children at the time.

I found the following stories of some survivors interesting...a great insight into what life is like during a pandemic. If we read between the lines, we also learn what to expect and what we need to do to prepare.

Schools, churches and businesses closed which means people must have their own supplies. Masks, gloves and medical supplies will quickly be in short supply. Many staples are now imported from China and other countries which means they won't be available.

How can one keep their immune system functioning if they cannot get nourishing food and clean water, and in some cases electricity could also be a luxury.

Patty

Spanish Flu Survivors Recount Fear, Nosebleeds, Makeshift Morgues


By Helen Branswell
The Canadian Press

VANCOUVER ­ Louise Brooks has only fleeting, fever-clouded memories of her encounter with the Spanish Lady.

She recalls the pattern on the wallpaper on her bedroom walls wafting gently, a trick the fever played on her young mind. She recalls the loving care of her mother, Gertrude ­ the only person, besides the family doctor, who was allowed to enter the room where she lay.

"And I also remember having copious nosebleeds," says Brooks, a chic and active 99-year-old currently living in West Vancouver.

Though not a symptom of seasonal influenza, nosebleeds were a common feature among people struck by the Spanish flu.

"My impression is that at that time the doctor told my mother that it was one of the things that helped me get through it," recounts Brooks, who grew up in Vancouver's Kitsilano Point neighbourhood.

Brooks ­ then Louise Elliott ­ was nine when she fell ill in the fall of 1918. She was the only member of her family to contract the disease that was sweeping the globe, spreading fear as fast as contagion.

"Oh, they (people) were really frightened of it because there'd been news of it coming towards them all the time," she says, noting some wore garlic in muslin sacks around their necks in the hopes it would ward off the disease.

"The undertaking parlours couldn't handle the bodies as people died. And I have this vague memory that they were having to use school auditoriums and places like that to store bodies temporarily."

Her father, Lloyd, and older brothers Phil and Ben were barred from the sick room, though Brooks says they would poke their heads around the sheet hanging in the doorway to check on her as she started to recover.

There was great relief in the household when it was clear the baby of the family would pull through. But Brooks' family did not escape unscathed.

Her mother's sister, who lived in Massachusetts, lost her husband and an infant child to the virus within 24 hours of each other. Left with only a young son, her aunt became a public health nurse ­ and an inspiration to Brooks, who followed the same career path.

"She lost everything she'd had ­ her home and everything," says Brooks. "She kept on and developed a life for herself and her little boy."

Such tragedies were common at the time, she says. "Looking back at it now, you know it was a very difficult time to live through."

____________________


Rev. Francis Stevens remembers feeling cheated and adrift when the Spanish flu swept through his household and East Vancouver neighbourhood.

The sense of being cheated came from the fact that Stevens was sick at Christmas.

"It was a very dead Christmas," recalls Stevens, who will mark his 102nd birthday in early October.

"The folks tried to make things good for the children. But with everybody more or less sick and Mother worried about her family, it wasn't a very happy time at all."

Stevens, the eldest of five children and the first in his family to get sick, recovered relatively quickly. But schools didn't reopen in January and he and his playmates were admonished not to gather elsewhere to ease their boredom.

"We were sort of at a loss. I mean the children," explains Stevens, who as an adult became a United Church minister.

"Your school and your home were your two places of security. And both were collapsing."

"My friends were either sick or their families were keeping them in the house so they wouldn't get the flu. And I was getting over it so I wanted to get going again. But we didn't get going for awhile."

Stevens' father was Harry or H.H. Stevens, a Conservative member of Parliament for one of the Vancouver ridings. Fortunately for the Stevens family, Parliament wasn't sitting in the fall of 1918 so Mr. Stevens was home.

He was forced to take on kitchen duty as influenza struck all five children and eventually his wife. Then he too fell ill.

"I can recall in January my father getting the meals when he was hardly able to walk around," Rev. Stevens says. "And I would help him. I actually helped him make porridge."

All pulled through, although the youngest, a three-year-old named Douglas, had been a sickly baby and gave them a scare. "He had a terrible time during the flu. My mother thought he was going to die."

Most of the people in the neighbourhood were sick. A cousin got sick and died in the space of a few days. Still, awareness of the enormity of the event was slow to take hold, Stevens says.

"Well, it was cumulative, like a snow slide or something. It got worse and worse. It got so bad that some of the churches didn't have service. We didn't go to Sunday school. School was closed. They told people not to go anywhere where there was a crowd."

"That was pressed on people, in the paper, almost every issue. 'Don't go out in the crowds."'

Nearly a century later, he remembers the loneliness of the time, but doesn't recall a sense of relief when the viral assault subsided. "I don't remember the all-clear. I just remember that we went on."

____________________



Ninety years after the Spanish flu laid her entire household low, Anna Shillinglaw remembers the kindness of neighbours that helped her family pull through.

Born Anna Rott, she grew up on a homestead in southwest Saskatchewan, near Bitter Lake. Her father, August Rott, was "one of the farmers of Saskatchewan," she says with pride.

Shillinglaw, whose 98th birthday is in mid-September, was the fourth of seven children. All caught the flu bug, including her parents.

Shillinglaw remembers that as she was coming down with the illness, she was frightened to find herself alone in a bedroom.

"I put my head in the pillows and I cried and I cried. And my mother said to my dad: 'Give that girl a lickin.' And my dad said: 'Would I give that girl a lickin'? That child is sick."'

She recalls little of her battle with the virus, though something that befell a younger brother, Benny, is etched in her memory. At one point, she says, he tried to get up but was weak and leaned against the wall for support.

"And thick red blood, clotted blood, came out of his nose. And I thought 'I'm going to see what happened here.' And I went closer and it smelled just like a dead critter."

No one in the family was well enough to tend the animals on the Rott farm. "We were all in bed. Nobody (was) up any more then."

A boy from a neighbouring homestead came to help, bringing soup his mother had made. Decades on, Shillinglaw still is eager to acknowledge her family's benefactor, Henry Kindopp.

"Put that in," she says of his name. "My dad always said 'I always did like him. You could depend on him.'"

The entire Rott family was in bed for two weeks, but all recovered.

"After we got all up and around, Dad said: 'I thought this girl here, I just about thought we just about lost her.' And he said 'She wouldn't move. She was just like no life there."'

"And that woke me up. He was talking about me."

Shillinglaw, who now lives in Langley, southeast of Vancouver, recalls hearing of many local people who were ill, some of whom died. One woman's husband was so addled with fever that he kept threatening to throw himself in the well.

"She had one of her brothers come and stay with her in case he tried to do something delirious."

The Spanish flu claimed the life of the woman who would have been Anna Rott's mother-in-law. Ada Shillinglaw, who lived in Alberta, died at age 39 of the flu a few days after giving birth to a baby. The infant died as well.

"It was a great disturbance across the country," says Shillinglaw, who named a daughter Ada after the mother-in-law she never knew.


___________________



Isabelle Dunn was one of the fortunate ones in 1918. When the Spanish flu swept through MacGregor, Man., 130 kilometres west of Winnipeg, Dunn ­ then 10-year-old Isabelle Moore ­ did not contract the vicious influenza bug.

Still, she remembers the disruption in the community. Her father was a policeman and was often pressed into service to help families who couldn't tend to their farms because they were too sick.

As Dunn recalls, the women who worked the local telephone exchange would call around to homes with telephones to check on how people were fending. They would then try to round up help for those who needed it.

Dunn's father took a lot of those calls.

"They'd go to the farms and let the stock out and feed them or give them water, because they couldn't last very long if they were tied in with no water. And people were very, very ill," says Dunn, 100, who now lives in Burnaby, B.C.

"He kept going out when he could and doing work like that."

Dunn and her eight siblings, however, were on strict orders not to stray from home.

"There were an awful lot of sick people. And the schools and church ­ everything was closed," she recalls.

"And we were kids and we had to stay home in our own yard. You didn't run around so much."

Dunn's father made his children work on lessons at home. When they went back to school, both Dunn and one of her brothers got put into a grade ahead, "because we were so advanced. I guess that's because we didn't get the flu. We had to sit there and do our homework."

Dunn's stepmother, who was a district nurse, did fall ill. But she survived. Others were not so lucky.

Dunn recalls that a big empty house in the town was turned into an emergency hospital, and that caring for the sick ­ and the dead ­ put a strain on the community.

"Lots and lots of people passed away and they couldn't bury them. There were just not enough people to do all this."

"Bodies were stacked up in an old hotel down there, I know that."

She remembers one case in particular, a boy who fell ill in the spring wave of 1919.

"One of the boys in our class lived with his brother on a farm about a mile and a half or two miles out of town. And he went home from school and found his brother just lying on the ground and he had possibly laid there all day. And he was very ill."

"And this boy ran back to our place because we had the nearest telephone."

The ill youngster was taken by train that night to a Winnipeg hospital, but was released several weeks later ­ sent home to die. He did, says Dunn.


___________________



Colleen Levesque wasn't yet a gleam in her parents' eyes when the Spanish flu raced through northern British Columbia.

But the tales her parents, Amadee and Sybil Levesque, told her as she was growing up made the events of the time strikingly real for the 86-year-old Levesque, who now lives in Courtenay on Vancouver Island.

Just weeks after her parents were married on Thanksgiving weekend in 1918 they went to Vancouver to get supplies for the logging camp where they lived in the Charlotte Islands.

On the trip back to Prince Rupert, people on the boat began to get ill. When they reached Prince Rupert, armed policemen were waiting at the dock, Levesque's parents told her.

"Prince Rupert was at that time quarantined because there were so many sick people. And the captain didn't want to take them back to Vancouver, because he said 'We don't have enough food on the boat to feed these people,"' she says.

"And so Dad said to the captain 'I think it's a good idea if you have one of your deck hands put down a ramp. And if you'll do that, I'll take my wife's hand (and) we'll go down the ramp first and our crew can follow us. And as soon as we're off the boat, then you can put your boat in reverse and get out of here."'

"And Mum said the policemen on the dock were shooting their guns into the air because they didn't want them there. They had so many sick people they couldn't take any more."

A born storyteller, Levesque recounts the memories as if they were her own.

"Mum said it was just really scary. They didn't want any more people because they had so many they could hardly look after them."

"But you can understand how they (the Levesques and their crew) felt. They wanted to get back to the logging camp and get working. 'Course, it ended up quite a few of them died."

The group managed to disembark at Prince Rupert. But Sybil Levesque was already dizzy with the onset of flu. Her daughter says she and another woman were made to spend the night in a warehouse.

"And they didn't know till the morning they were sitting on coffins. There were three coffins in there with dead people in them."

A cook from the logging camp travelled to Prince Rupert to look after the sick workers. The man, who went by the name of Dada Sauve, forced Sybil Levesque to eat oranges. She later credited his care with pulling her through.

Amadee Levesque was also ill, but was cared for elsewhere in the town. His daughter says he recounted seeing flu-stricken men rise from their beds in delirium and keel over dead.

"Mum said when she met (up with) Dad, he couldn't even lift his suitcase, he was that weak," Colleen Levesque says.

What is swine flu?

Swine flu is a respiratory disease which infects pigs.



Caused by influenza type A virus, there are regular outbreaks among herds of pigs, where the disease causes high levels of illness but is rarely fatal.

It tends to spread in autumn and winter but can circulate all year round.

There are many different types of swine flu and like human flu, the infection is constantly changing.

Swine flu does not normally infect humans, although sporadic cases do occur usually in people who have had close contact with pigs.

There have also been rare documented cases of humans passing the infection to other humans.

Human to human transmission of swine flu thought to spread in the same way as seasonal flu – through coughing and sneezing.

The outbreak in Mexico seems to involve a new type of swine flu that contains DNA that is typically found in avian and human viruses.

The World Health Organization has confirmed at least some of the cases are caused by this new strain of H1N1.

"We are very, very concerned," World Health Organisation (WHO) spokesman Thomas Abraham said. "We have what appears to be a novel virus and it has spread from human to human... It's all hands on deck at the moment."

It is genetically different from the fully human H1N1 seasonal influenza virus that has been circulating globally for the past few years. It contains DNA that is typical to avian, swine and human viruses, including elements from European and Asian swine viruses

When any new strain of flu emerges that acquires the ability to pass from person to person, it is monitored very closely in case it has the potential to spark a pandemic.

The WHO is concerned but says it is too soon to change the threat level warning for a pandemic. However, it has convened an expert panel to consider whether to raise the alert level or issue travel advisories.

It might already be too late to contain the outbreak, a prominent US pandemic flu expert said.

Dr Michael Osterholm, a public health expert at the University of Minnesota, said given how quickly flu can spread around the globe, if these are the first signs of a pandemic, then there are probably cases incubating in other parts of the world already.

"Literally hundreds and thousands of travellers come in and out of Mexico City every day," Dr Osterholm said. "You'd have to believe there's been more unrecognised transmission that's occurred."

There is no vaccine that specifically protects against swine flu, and it was unclear how much protection current human flu vaccines might offer.

However, the CDC says two flu drugs, Tamiflu and Relenza, seem effective against the new strain. Roche, the maker of Tamiflu, said the company is prepared to immediately deploy a stockpile of the drug if requested.

Both drugs must be taken early, within a few days of the onset of symptoms, to be most effective. There have also been concerns that some forms of flu have been developing resistance to the drugs.

Scientists have long been concerned that a new flu virus could launch a worldwide pandemic of a killer disease.

A new pandemic flu virus could evolve when different flu viruses infect a pig, a person or a bird, mingling their genetic material. The resulting hybrid could spread quickly because people would have no natural defences against it.

The most notorious flu pandemic is thought to have killed at least 40 million people worldwide in 1918-19. Two other, less deadly flu pandemics struck in 1957 and 1968.

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Scientists Isolate Genes That Made 1918 Flu Deadly

Hello Jeff - Remember this? Scientists isolate genes that made the 1918 flu lethal. This was dated Dec. 29, 2008. It hasn't been very long since this discovery was made then the new strain variant showed up in Mexico and the US, not very long, indeed.

"The 1918 virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract, but also in the lungs, causing primary pneumonia among its victims."

I think it is pretty obvious that the Mexican variant also replicates in upper respiratory tract and also in the lungs causing primary pneumonia. I think we are seeing this in the Mexican cases. Coincidence? Or, is the Mexican virus a lab developed copy of the Spanish Flu.

"For the most part, substituting single genes from the 1918 virus onto the template of a much more benign contemporary virus yielded agents that could only replicate in the upper respiratory tract. One exception, however, included a complex of three genes that, acting in concert with another key gene, allowed the virus to efficiently colonize lung cells and make RNA polymerase, a protein necessary for the virus to reproduce."

Do Not Take A Swine Flu Vaccine!

I am making a plea to everyone who reads this, please, please DO NOT TAKE ANY VACCINE THAT IS PURPORTED TO 'PREVENT' THIS FLU.

Remember 1976 and the so called Swine Flu outbreak that was purported to be a coming pandemic? It only infected recruits at Ft. Dix. Why? Because I believe that the so called Swine Flu virus infected the recruits due to the vaccines they were given. Whether the government developed the Swine Flu 1976 virus and infected the recruits as a means to test the public to see if people would comply with a call to take vaccination against Swine Flu, or the recruits became infected via contaminated vaccine they were given as part of the recruit regimen, that outbreak was as phony as they come. I was one of the people duped into taking a Swine Flu shot and it made me so sick. I was sick in bed for three months after taking the vaccine.

Do not take seasonal flu vaccine if you are told that it could help prevent this brand new Swine Flu variant. It won't do a thing to prevent this flu. What it will do is serve up new genetic material to the Swine Flu virus that I have dubbed Spanish Flu 2, the Sequel. The Spanish Flu variant will use the gene sequences in the vaccine in humans to develop more of the changes that make the virus more readily infect humans. We do not want to give this virus more human genetic material so that it will infect humans more readily person to person. This is what vaccinated individuals do for pandemic strains.

There is also a safety issue in any experimental vaccine, much like the one in 1976. Some people even feel that such a vaccine for pandemic strain might require more than one vaccination which could actually be a binary set up. The first shot might just add some genetic code that stays dormant in the body until one gets the second vaccine shot which then serves to only cause infection. It could trigger Guillain-barre syndrome, Typhus or some other condition.

An Influenza vaccine does not protect or prevent a person from contracting flu. It is purported to, maybe, prevent some complications of flu and maybe shorten duration. I am not even sure it does that. Personally, I feel the vaccine weakens our immune system and also sickens us due to contaminants in the vaccine. I feel that people can better protect themselves by washing hands often and thoroughly. People should also use protective gloves when out and about during epidemics. Don't be afraid of "looking odd." I would not be ashamed to use a mask and gloves. I see that the Mexicans are using them.

A big problem during a pandemic is that these simple supplies will become extremely scarce awfully quickly. Stock up now. Medical supplies. personal hygene supplies and don't forget fido, or any other pet. Once a pandemic hits, it will be too late to stock up. Water, too.
We may lose clean water and electric power, so be prepared.

So, please, people, DON'T TAKE ANY VACCINES OFFERED. THEY COULD KILL YOU BEFORE ANY VIRUS KILLS YOU.

New flu has spread widely, cannot be contained-CDC

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Reuters) - An unusual new flu virus has spread widely and cannot be contained, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed on Saturday.

"It is clear that this is widespread. And that is why we have let you know that we cannot contain the spread of this virus," the CDC's Dr. Anne Schuchat told reporters on a conference call.

The strain of swine flu is suspected of killing as many as 68 people in Mexico and infecting more than 1,000 more, including eight in the United States. (Reporting by Maggie Fox, editing by Patricia Zengerle)

Swine Flu Pandemic Would Cost Trillions

This afternoon, the WHO declaredthat the swine flu outbreak in Mexico and the U.S. is a health emergency of international concern.

Reuters has put together a list of estimates of the economics costs that may be incurred if swine flu becomes a full out pandemic.

  • The World Bank estimated in 2008 that a flu pandemic could cost $3 trillion and result in a nearly 5 percent drop in world gross domestic product. The World Bank has estimated that more than 70 million people could die worldwide in a severe pandemic.

  • Australian independent think-tank Lowy Institute for International Policy estimated in 2006 that in the worst-case scenario, a flu pandemic could wipe $4.4 trillion off global economic output.

  • Two reports in the United States in 2005 estimated that a flu pandemic could cause a serious recession of the U.S. economy, with immediate costs of between $500 billion and $675 billion.

  • One report, from the Congressional Budget Office, said hospitals would have difficulty controlling infection and might become sources for spreading the illness.

  • A second report by New Jersey-based WBB Securities LLC predicted a one-year economic loss of $488 billion and a permanent economic loss of $1.4 trillion to the U.S. economy.

  • SARS in 2003 disrupted travel, trade and the workplace and cost the Asia Pacific region $40 billion. It lasted for six months, killing 775 of the 8,000 people it infected in 25 countri
Between the autumn of 1918 and the spring of 1919, 548,452 people died of swine a flu epidemic in the US. (Note there's a bit of a debate about whether this was swine flu or some other kind of flu.)

Swine flu: Your experiences

THURSDAY, 29 APRIL, UK

My partner and I returned to Birmingham from Cancun yesterday morning at 08:20am. There were no members of the health department there to meet us, over 400 people passed through without help or advise being offered.

We returned home to our seven-months-old daughter and in-laws. Last night we developed many of the symptoms listed.

I contacted the NHS Direct and after several hours we were asked to go to the hospital ourselves. We had to wait in A&E before being seen by doctors dressed in masks, aprons and gloves.

We have high temperatures over 38 degrees, aches, coughing and sneezing, diarrhoea and nausea. The hospital prescribed us both with Tamiflu and told us to drive to a chemist in Coventry, we waited for 15 minutes surrounded by other people before we had the Tamiflu.

The chemist informed us that they only had one dose available and that we would need to return the following day. This morning we were contacted by the HPA, we informed them of the situation and they told us that under no circumstances should we leave the house.

We are waiting the results now, we are very concerned about our daughter and family around us as it looks like we have now infected them.
Richard Cook, Nuneaton, UK


WEDNESDAY, 29 APRIL, MEXICO AND USA

It usually takes me about 40 minutes to get to work. Today it took me less than 20 minutes. There is no traffic, no parents taking their kids to work, no tourists. Buses are half-empty, with most passengers wearing face masks. The absence of tourists is striking. There are no tourists riding the bus or walking the streets. No tourists. The virus has not travelled to Puerto Vallarta, but tourists have stopped coming. The almost palpable absence of the latter could turn out to be as bad as, or even worse than, the presence of swine flu. As locals half-jokingly, half-seriously, comment, "If it spreads to Vallarta, the virus might kill us; hunger will surely kill us." I am afraid to admit that Vallarta residents seem to have it right: no tourists, no money, no food. I wonder if our fear of a possible pandemic, along with all the preventive measures that are causing a serious economic slow-down (cancelled flights, closed restaurants, etc.), will not trigger an economic crisis much more deadly than the flu itself.
Chavdarova, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico

I am on holiday in the Yucatan peninsula and everything here is fine. No cases of flu. Tourist arrivals have reduced greatly and therefore it is much quieter in the hotels and restaurants. People should remember that Mexico City is a vast city and the rest of Mexico is fine.
Scott Bailey, London, on holiday in Mexico

I am currently 'trapped' with my family in a luxury hotel in Cancun. We are here for my daughter's wedding, which sadly we have had to cancel as half of the wedding party are still in the UK after their flights were cancelled. Contrary to reports we are not being repatriated by the tour operator (unless we pay) and the hotel wants to charge us for cancelling the wedding!
Jim Rollinson, Romford, Essex

I work in the "ER" of a rural hospital in the Glades and we see a large portion of our population who are migrant workers and the poor. We have only seen normal seasonal flu symptoms and are swabbing with nasal cultures for Influenza a and b and if that comes back positive then we swab with the special deep nasal swab for H1N1, package it as per protocol and send it to the CDC lab site. So far we have not seen any confirmed cases of the H1N1 flu, but we are attempting to educate all the patients that come into the ER about hand washing, covering their mouths when sneezing or coughing, staying away from crowds, etc. We are wearing masks when treating patients with cold like symptoms, and goggles, protecting gowns and gloves. But so far, so good, FOR NOW!! Blessings to all the people who serve in healthcare, your services are needed now more than ever before.
Judith Jensen, Florida, USA

I am a girl from Finland staying in a village in Oaxaca, Mexico, as an exchange student. On Monday, they told us that we would not be having classes until the 6th May. There are so many rumours here, but you do not know what is true, although it feels really creepy. I feel like its just a matter of time until we all get this flu. It seems like it spreads so quickly and so easily. This scares me a lot. I really want to stay here in Mexico, I have grown to love it so much during the eight months I have been here, but if this get worse I do not know if I have the guts to stay.
Josefin Horhammer, Helsinki, Finland

TUESDAY, 28 APRIL, MEXICO

I arrived in Mexico City on Saturday then flew on to Monterrey for business.

Stephen Kyle taking precautions in Mexico

I am now back in Mexico City and I have brought my meetings forward so I can leave Mexico and fly back to the UK as soon as possible.

I have literally gone from hotel, to enclosed car, to clients office, wearing my newly acquired mask!

When I first arrived I was very blasé about the swine flu outbreak but now I am concerned.

I have been here dozens of times before. Mexico City is usually busy - you normally cannot move, but now its very quiet. There is still traffic but the volume is so minimal.

My trip from the airport took 20 minutes instead of an hour and ten minutes.

I am staying at the Four Seasons and on my arrival the restaurants were closed.

Apart from my meetings I won't venture outside the hotel. I think I am going to stay in my room

This morning the breakfast service was available for the few guests staying. Whether they will open Tuesday night is another question. The spa and the bars are all closed.

Apart from my meetings I won't venture outside the hotel. I think I am going to stay in my room. People are dying and I do not want to put myself in the firing line.

I phoned British Airways to change my flight from Mexico City to leave as soon as possible back to the UK and initially they said my business class booking could not be changed.

They have since updated this directive and I am booked to fly out tomorrow evening at 9.35pm which is the next available flight.

I have not done much business but at least I am going home.

I am very relieved.
Stephen Kyle, Mexico City, Mexico

I'm a 24 years old male and live in Mexico City. Right now the principal actions taken in Mexico are of prevention. All cultural, cleric and scholar activities have been cancelled, most recreation sites such as movie theatres and parks are closed too. At my work place last night they informed us that we can work from home, but for most people this isn't a possibility.
Enrique, Mexico City, México

I live in Mexico city...I am actually studying here! Mexico city isn't the cleanliest of places and people's attitude make it worse. Nearly half of the 20 million people are not wearing their masks and some are acting as if it's normal to have this flu with their 'I don't care' attitude. I give the Mexican government an E for effort. Rumours are flying everywhere and on the news here in Mexico its the same report over and over again. So yes, I am worried.
Rachael, Mexico City

I am living in Oaxaca state where reportedly the first death occurred from swine flu. The town here is known for its great surf and relaxed atmosphere, but even here the fear is beginning to enter people's daily conversation. The mentality of those living here is varied, some feel it is almost a joke and only media hype, but then you have people like myself who just booked the first flight available back to the United States.
Matthaios Tz, Puerto Escondio, Mexico

MONDAY, 27 APRIL, MEXICO AND SPAIN

This is something that we are taking very seriously, which is why the government and the authorities have implemented preventative measures - from the use of masks to our recommendation that they avoid greeting one another with a kiss or even a handshake. They have acted correctly. It makes me proud to know that we have such a good system of epidemiological health in Mexico.

I think that we will see a lower number of new cases in the coming days
Dr Alejandro Vargas, Mexico City

The hospitals are coping well. Some people have complained of long queues - but these are mostly alarmist types. People shouldn't be going to hospital just because they're sneezing. If too many people show up at emergency rooms then the system could collapse. But, we have many hospitals and they have all been working to implement the measures.

We have enough anti-virals. I had the opportunity to speak with the person in charge of the purchasing of all medications for the Mexican Social Security Institute and they told me that they worked on this the entire weekend. There is definitely enough.

The cases that are materialising now are those related to infections that occurred before the measures were put in place. However, it's going to be a while before we get the results. I think that we will see a lower number of new cases in the coming days and I think the measures will prove to be successful.
Dr Alejandro Vargas, Mexico City

I'm a doctor responsible for managing vaccines in the northern Mexican state of Nuevo Leon.

Over the last two weeks we started seeing patients with high fever, muscle aches, sore throats and coughs. Those symptoms seemed a bit odd for us, but we didn't diagnose them with swine flu as we didn't know about it.

On Sunday we had our first death in the area. It was someone who came from Mexico City. But we don't have the means to confirm whether it was as a result of swine flu.

We need to have the means to diagnose people and, most importantly, the means to offer them treatment
Dr Vicente Torres, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

More than anything, we lack equipment and laboratory kits. All we can do is look at the symptoms and make a clinical diagnosis.

In the pharmacies, there is no Tamiflu available. They only have another medication and they don't even have enough of that.

So the vaccines we have are not enough we don't have the medication required. People here are not aware that this flu outbreak can kill people.

On behalf of all the medical community in Nuevo Leon I'd like to ask for help to get the medication, so we can treat people.

We need to have the means to diagnose people and, most importantly, the means to offer them treatment.
Dr Vicente Torres, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

I have been trying to purchase face masks for myself and my family - my wife and two children - but haven't been able to get one anywhere.

I have visited six pharmacies in the area and all are sold out. None are expecting deliveries until Tuesday. I am concerned by this and don't think it's good enough, given it's a measure the government is advising.

However, I haven't seen any clear government advice on where people can get masks.

My family and I are all at home and are taking general precautionary measures - such as avoiding any outside contact, going very carefully to the supermarket to do basic shopping and making no unnecessary visits or trips.

I hope the government is being truthful - it certainly appears to be transparent in its information.

The schools are closed, as are public buildings. People have been advised to stay at home and have been instructed with basic health precautions to take.
Jorge, Mexico City, Mexico

Our health minister has just confirmed a positive case in a small town called Almansa, 50 miles from the capital of the province of Albacete, where I live.

There are other suspected cases in the same province. It is very worrying, especially as there are concerns that the numbers of people infected will grow.

The main hospital for the province is here in my town and people will be coming here for treatment.

We have received no further information yet from the authorities, beyond the case being confirmed.

We have just been told to stay calm. Meanwhile, everybody is texting each other asking what next?
Francisco Cebrian, Albacete, Spain

SUNDAY, 26 APRIL, MEXICO

This is another blow to the tourism industry in Mexico, even though non of the events that is taken place is anywhere near the tourist areas of Cancun, Playa del Carmen or Puerto Vallarta, the news comes across as all of Mexico is affected! After wrong reports of drug related violence, military presence etc. in Cancun, which hurt the industry tremendously, now people think that all of Mexico is affected by a virus that is mostly present in the capital. I guess the problem is that this is a country where the capital carries the same name as the country, thus when people hear news about Mexico, albeit it refers to Mexico City, they assume it is affecting the whole country.
Rainer, Cancun

SATURDAY, 25 APRIL, MEXICO

I'm a specialist doctor in respiratory diseases and intensive care at the Mexican National Institute of Health. There is a severe emergency over the swine flu here. More and more patients are being admitted to the intensive care unit. Despite the heroic efforts of all staff (doctors, nurses, specialists, etc) patients continue to inevitably die. The truth is that anti-viral treatments and vaccines are not expected to have any effect, even at high doses. It is a great fear among the staff. The infection risk is very high among the doctors and health staff.

There is a sense of chaos in the other hospitals and we do not know what to do. Staff are starting to leave and many are opting to retire or apply for holidays. The truth is that mortality is even higher than what is being reported by the authorities, at least in the hospital where I work it. It is killing three to four patients daily, and it has been going on for more than three weeks. It is a shame and there is great fear here. Increasingly younger patients aged 20 to 30 years are dying before our helpless eyes and there is great sadness among health professionals here.
Antonio Chavez, Mexico City

Friends working in hospitals say that the situation is really bad, they are talking about 19 people dead in Oaxaca, including a doctor and a nurse
Alvaro Ricardez, Oaxaca City

I think there is a real lack of information and sadly, preventative action. In the capital of my state, Oaxaca, there is a hospital closed because of a death related to the porcine influenza. In the papers they recognise only two people dead for that cause. Many friends working in hospitals or related fields say that the situation is really bad, they are talking about 19 people dead in Oaxaca, including a doctor and a nurse. They say they got shots but they were told not to talk about the real situation. Our authorities say nothing. Life goes on as usual here.

Young people are going to schools and universities. Buses and planes go and come from Mexico City as frequently as before. Even with two people dead locally, last night the local baseball stadium was full, mainly with young people. What's really happening? I know vaccines are good for nothing, and if you take care, maybe you won't die, so, why not acknowledge the real situation? I know that the economic situation is not the best, and it will worsen with panic. But panic comes from a lack of information. Many people travel for pleasure or without any real need. Stopping those unjustified trips can help a lot to ease the situation. We must do something!
Alvaro Ricardez, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico

The truth is that it is very strange, what we are living through here. The streets are empty, we are all staying in our houses. People are only going out to the hospitals, drugstores and to buy food. The great majority have their mouths covered. Concerts, festivals, masses have all been cancelled, the football matches have all been played behind closed doors. On the television and radio, every commercial break contains information on the symptoms, saying that if you have them to go to the doctor at once. Although we have been told to go to work as normal on Monday, I am worried because I am employed at a company where there are many people and believe that it could be highly contagious. They say on the news that the cases that are most critical involve people aged 20 to 50.
Nallely T, State of Mexico

Everyone is very frightened, there are few people on the streets and we are all trying to be as safe as possible
Mariana, Mexico City

Right now the situation is quite scary. We've never been living under such circumstances and it's caught us completely off guard. We are a developing country so our health system isn't very effective, plus the fact that our city is overpopulated doesn't help much; the government is doing what they can but I don't think it's enough. So the future isn't looking too bright. Everyone is very frightened, there are few people on the streets and we are all trying to be as safe as possible. But not knowing exactly how the virus works and how it can be killed off creates a horrible uncertainty. I'm being pessimistic but that's how most people I've talked to feel.
Mariana, Mexico City

It's certainly been very quiet where I'm living in the Historic Centre of Mexico City, whereas normally the centre is almost uncomfortably packed at the weekend. Most people also seem to be wearing the face masks being handed out by the army around the city. There always seems to be a healthy mistrust of the government here, but I wouldn't say I'm sensing a great deal of paranoia or panic. It does seem as though the unprecedented actions being taken by the government to contain the virus don't match with the statistics being provided, however, so there is some doubt as to whether they're just being overly cautious or whether things are a lot worse than what they're telling the public.
Randal Sheppard, Mexico City

Right now, things are far from under control here. All the museums, zoos, and concert venues have been closed. Masses, football games, sporting activities, cultural activities, have all been cancelled. All schools will be closed until 6 May, from kindergarten to university. We don't know what to think, the truth is that the government isn't telling us the truth. This case is worst than we think, some people take this just like a joke but not me, this is serious! Als it seems clear that this illness doesn't appear to be affecting the whole country, just Mexico City, the State of Mexico and San Luis Potosi.
Carla, Mexico City

I work as a resident doctor in one of the biggest hospitals in Mexico City and sadly, the situation is far from "under control". As a doctor, I realise that the media does not report the truth. Authorities distributed vaccines among all the medical personnel with no results, because two of my partners who worked in this hospital (interns) were killed by this new virus in less than six days even though they were vaccinated as all of us were. The official number of deaths is 20, nevertheless, the true number of victims are more than 200. I understand that we must avoid to panic, but telling the truth it might be better now to prevent and avoid more deaths.
Yeny Gregorio Dávila, Mexico City

The situation in Mexico City is really not normal. There is a sense of uncertainty that borders on paranoid behaviour in some cases. At this very moment, Mexican TV is showing how military forces are giving masks to the people in the streets. Moreover the news is sending alarming messages for the audience. Really, the atmosphere in the city is unsettling, a good example: pubs and concerts are being closed or cancelled and people don't haven thorough information. In this city (and country) there is an urgent need for assertive information, no paranoid messages from the government or the Mexican media.
Patricio Barrientos and Aranzazu Nuñez, Mexico City

Massive events have been cancelled at the National Auditorium - Mexico City's largest indoor venue with capacity of 10,000 - which has been closed. Two soccer games have been cancelled at the Olympic Stadium. A sold out game with 70,000 expected attendance will be played behind closed doors. Another game at the famous Azteca Stadium that would draw an attendance of 50,000 will also be played behind closed doors.
Juan Carlos Leon Calderon, Mexico City

It's eerily quiet here in the capital. Lots of people with masks, Facebook communities exchanging gallows humour, everybody waiting to see if schools and universities will stay closed for ten days (as goes the rumour). All masks have been used up, and we are waiting for new supplies.
Dr Duncan Wood, Mexico City

We will be sick soon and, well, do the math - 400 can infect at least another two per day
Adriana, Mexico City

Yesterday in my office it was a bit surreal walking in to see all in blue masks with deep cleansing of computer equipment and surfaces going on. Let's hope it is contained and does not escalate. The local news is reporting 200 fatalities and reports of flu spreading from areas outside of Mexico City. Given the volume of daily commuter traffic on cramped busses and trains, this may not have to be too virulent to be disastrous in human terms. I wonder what controls there will be on flights in and out.
Will Shea, Mexico City

I work for the government as a head of a computer infrastructure operations department. At work we are doing several actions to try not to expose workers. We sent several home. I support the Pumas football team and the very important match with the Guadalajara team will be played behind closed doors. My family and I are going to stay home all weekend. We feel a little scared and confused with the feeling that we are not given being told the truth. Many people think the numbers of dead people is higher than we are being told.
Marcos, Mexico City

The whole city is affected, I have a very bad feeling about this. Two of my friends at work are sick, they were sick for a couple of days, they went to the hospital and they sent them back to work. The doctor told them it was just a flu until Friday when the alarm was spread, then they were allowed to go home. I work in a call centre and I'm worried because there are no windows in the building so it cannot be ventilated and around 400 people work there.

We all have talked to our supervisor but no one has done anything not even sterilise or disinfect the area. We will be sick soon and, well, do the math - 400 can infect at least another two per day. The authorities say there's nothing they can do since it's a private company and I can assure you, the company I work for is not the only one like this in the whole city. Us workers don't have much protection from our government and if we want to keep our jobs we have to go anyway.
Adriana, Mexico City

My sister got influenza like symptoms two weeks ago. She is fine now, thank god, but similar cases have been showing up since two weeks ago. I work for a bank and we were told to take our laptops because there is a high possibility to work from home. I have gone out to buy some face masks.
Ruben Farfan, Mexico City

I'm a college student in Mexico City, and I can only say that the information that the media has provided doesn't seem to be enough, we do not now how serious it is because they have failed to mention it. There have been two ways of responding to this event, the ones that have entered themselves into quarantine claiming that the government is hiding something much more serious, and those who take this as a joke saying that everyone is overreacting. To put a cherry on top all kind of crazy rumours are flying around - that they are going to quarantine Mexico City, that a school and some specific branches of offices and jobs are going to be suspended for days to come, and so on. I wish more info was available, for example how to prevent it? Have there been many deaths? Is there a threat of an epidemic?
Mari A, Mexico City

I didn't hear about the flu epidemic until Friday night at 2330. Yesterday the streets were almost empty compared to a normal Friday afternoon. The media is bombarding the same information over and over again, but the authorities haven't said anything new yet, only that they have enough vaccines for those with the flu and that we should avoid public spaces.
Paulina, Mexico City

The 'New' Flu - The Pieces Come Together

"1976 Swine Flu
The CDC is conducting studies now that might show whether seasonal vaccination might protect people against swine flu. It's also possible that people who were vaccinated in the 1976 swine flu outbreak, which many flu experts believed was the beginning of a pandemic at the time, are protected, he said.

Vaccine makers are taking the initial steps toward making shots against swine flu. Baxter International Inc., a maker of both seasonal and pandemic vaccines, has requested samples of the swine virus for laboratory testing, said Christopher Bona, a spokesman for Deerfield, Illinois-based Baxter. GlaxoSmithKline Plc, based in London, has had conversations with WHO's flu division that's responsible for distributing flu virus samples to drugmakers, said Deborah Alspach, a spokeswoman.

Other companies that make flu vaccine include Novartis AG, of Basel, Switzerland, and Sanofi-Aventis SA, of Paris."


Swine Flu Emergency Caused By New Variant of Old Bug (Update2)
By John Lauerman and Jason Gale

April 26 (Bloomberg) -- International health officials are wrestling with how to respond to a swine flu from Mexico that's infecting people, causing a range of illnesses, and even death.


The World Health Organization called the outbreak a "public health emergency of international concern" yesterday, and as many as 81 deaths in Mexico were linked to the virus, normally transmitted among pigs. Eleven cases in California, Kansas and Texas, all of them mild, have been connected as well, and at least eight students in New York are being tested for whether they match the Mexico strain, health officials said.


Fears of a lethal pandemic lie in the nature of flu germs, which mutate readily and can become virulent by exchanging genes with related influenza viruses. While the H5N1 bird virus that spread across Asia in the last few years, killing millions of fowl and several hundred people, never gained genes to spread easily among humans, the Mexican swine flu already has, said Malik Peiris, a microbiologist from the University of Hong Kong.


"The concern is that this virus has the ability to transmit from humans to humans because a number of the cases who got infection have had no direct exposure to swine," said Peiris, who has studied the SARS and avian flu viruses. "That is certainly a cause for concern."


Health officials said they are trying to determine how the virus gained its ability to infect and spread among humans.


Swine-Flu Emergency


Mexican President Felipe Calderon declared a swine-flu emergency, giving him powers to order quarantines and suspend public events in the nation, where 1,324 patients are hospitalized with flu-like symptoms.


Authorities closed schools until May 6 in Mexico City and the states of Mexico and San Luis Potosi, where infections have been concentrated, and canceled most public and official activities.


The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an Atlanta-based agency, is leading the search for more cases than the 11 it has confirmed as of yesterday.
The latest U.S. tally includes two adults residing at the same address in Dickinson County, Kansas. Neither of the patients was hospitalized, the state's health department said in a statement on its Web site yesterday. One is still ill and being treated, and one is recovering, it said. One of the patients had recently traveled to Mexico, flying in and out of Wichita, according to the statement.


New Zealand Students


Three teachers and 22 students from Auckland's Rangitoto high school are being tested for swine flu after returning to New Zealand's most populous city from Los Angeles following a three week trip to Mexico, Stuff.co.nz reported on its Web site. Some of the travelers had symptoms of flu-like illness and were being isolated as a precaution pending test results, it said, citing Auckland's public health service.


Japan began screening for fever in travelers returning from Mexico fevers, the country's health ministry said in a statement yesterday. A British Airways Plc crewmember was hospitalized in north London with suspected swine flu after arriving yesterday on a flight from Mexico City. Tests showed he doesn't have the bug, Agence France-Presse said, citing a hospital spokesman.


Outbreaks in Mexico and the U.S. warrant an urgent assessment of its potential to spark the first influenza pandemic in 41 years, the WHO said yesterday. The Geneva-based United Nations agency held an emergency meeting and found that more evidence is needed to determine whether the level of pandemic alert should be increased, it said.
Pandemic Threat


The WHO's pandemic threat level, a six-stage measure, is currently at 3. Evidence of increased human-to-human spread of a new virus would move it to level 4, according to the WHO Web site.


Health officials in the U.S. are asking both doctors and patients to be on the lookout for suspicious cases of flu. The lung virus normally causes symptoms such as coughing and sneezing, and can also bring on muscle and joint aches, headaches, and even diarrhea and vomiting, according to the CDC.


At a time when scientists can tailor drugs to match a patient's genetic profile and people live longer than ever, the flu, first described by Hippocrates 2,400 years ago, still has the power to make millions bed-bound for a week and kill the very young, the elderly and those weakened by chronic disease.


The CDC estimates the germ is linked to more than 30,000 U.S. deaths annually.


In most cases, adults can resist succumbing to flu viruses that are identical or very similar to those they've been exposed to before. "New" viruses that the human immune system hasn't seen earlier are the most dangerous, because they can overwhelm the body's defenses.


1918 Pandemic


Flu germs are classified by two proteins, one known by the letter H, for hemagglutinin, and the other N, for neuraminidase. The Mexican swine flu is an H1N1 flu, the same subtype that caused the pandemic of 1918. Many less-dangerous descendants of that virus are seasonal H1N1 viruses circulating worldwide today, scientists said.
The dominant form of flu circulating in the U.S. in the most recent flu season was an H1N1, said Frederick Hayden, professor of clinical virology at the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center in Charlottesville. That suggests that people who got this year's flu vaccine, which gave protection against the H1N1 virus, might also have some protection against the swine flu, he said.


"We need to take the [blood] of individuals who got last season's vaccine and see whether there's any evidence of cross- reactivity for this new strain," he said in a telephone interview. "We need to do the same thing with patients who have had recent infection with the human H1N1 strain."


1976 Swine Flu


The CDC is conducting studies now that might show whether seasonal vaccination might protect people against swine flu. It's also possible that people who were vaccinated in the 1976 swine flu outbreak, which many flu experts believed was the beginning of a pandemic at the time, are protected, he said.
Vaccine makers are taking the initial steps toward making shots against swine flu. Baxter International Inc., a maker of both seasonal and pandemic vaccines, has requested samples of the swine virus for laboratory testing, said Christopher Bona, a spokesman for Deerfield, Illinois-based Baxter. GlaxoSmithKline Plc, based in London, has had conversations with WHO's flu division that's responsible for distributing flu virus samples to drugmakers, said Deborah Alspach, a spokeswoman.
Other companies that make flu vaccine include Novartis AG, of Basel, Switzerland, and Sanofi-Aventis SA, of Paris.


Roche's Tamiflu


Roche Holding AG, of Basel, has an ample supply of Tamiflu, which can reduce the symptoms of swine flu. Roche has donated a "Rapid Response Stockpile" of 5 million treatment courses to the WHO that's on 24-hour stand-by to be sent around the world, said Terence Hurley, a spokesman for the company. No request has been made to deploy the stockpile, he said in an email.


Glaxo also has ample supplies of its inhaled Relenza antiviral, which also appears to be effective against the swine flu in CDC tests, Alspach said.
The virus has already evaded the first line of defense that health officials had hoped to use against a pandemic. International flu experts preparing for a pandemic had planned to contain the initial outbreak of a new, lethal strain of flu. The swine flu virus has already spread so far in Mexico and the U.S. that the containment strategy is out of the question, said Anne Schuchat, interim deputy director for science and public health programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Atlanta-based U.S. agency.
"We don't think we can contain the spread of this virus," she said yesterday in a conference call with reporters.


To contact the reporter on this story: John Lauerman in Boston at jlauerman@bloomberg.net; Jason Gale in Singapore at .gale@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: April 26, 2009 04:27 EDT


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